In the annals of Taiwanese history, one event stands out as a tragic turning point that forever changed the course of the island’s political landscape—the 228 Incident, which was followed by the White Terror period. This dark chapter, which unfolded in 1947, represents a key milestone in Taiwan’s struggle for democracy and remains a haunting reminder of the suppression of human rights. Despite its significance, the 228 Incident has not garnered widespread international recognition. This article aims to shed light on this historical event, exploring its background, the events that transpired, the subsequent White Terror, and the long-lasting impact it had on Taiwanese society.
Context: Taiwan’s situation before the 228 incident
Prior to the 228 Incident, Taiwan was under Japanese colonial rule for over half a century. During this period, Japan implemented policies that promoted economic development but also suppressed Taiwanese culture and political aspirations. However, at the end of World War II in 1945, Japan’s defeat resulted in Taiwan’s transfer to the Republic of China (ROC). The post-war transition was far from smooth, as Taiwan faced immense challenges in adapting to the new political, economic, and social changes brought by the ROC administration. Local frustrations grew due to rampant corruption, soaring inflation, and harsh policies that marginalized Taiwanese citizens.
February 28: What happened?
On the night of February 27, 1947, a seemingly inconspicuous altercation took place in Taipei that would ignite a series of events with far-reaching consequences. Agents from the Tobacco Monopoly Bureau attempted to confiscate contraband cigarettes from a 40-year-old woman who was selling them in front of a tea house. The situation escalated when the agents, in their attempt to seize the cigarettes, resorted to violence. One of the agents struck the woman on the head with his pistol, leading to an outpouring of anger from the gathering crowd.
As tensions mounted, the situation took a tragic turn when one of the agents fired into the crowd, killing an innocent bystander. This act of brutality proved to be the spark that ignited a powder keg of existing discontent. Fueled by rising unemployment rates, inflation, and government corruption, the incident on February 27, 1947, served as a catalyst for mass protests the following morning, on February 28.
Initially, the protestors marched towards the Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, demanding action against the agents responsible for the previous day’s violent acts. However, as the crowd swelled and their frustration grew, they redirected their anger towards the Governor-General’s office. In a moment of desperation and defiance, they stormed the office, demanding justice and accountability.
The response from the ROC administration was swift and brutal. The Governor-General’s guards, faced with the protesting masses, opened fire on the crowd. The ensuing violence triggered an open rebellion that would last for several weeks, plunging Taiwan into a state of chaos and resulting in the loss of tens of thousands of lives.
The declaration of martial law on that fateful day marked the beginning of the White Terror, a period of intense political repression, human rights abuses, and mass arrests. The government, in its bid to suppress dissent, resorted to extreme measures, including torture, imprisonment, execution, and forced disappearances. The White Terror cast a long and dark shadow over Taiwan, leaving a lasting scar on the hearts and minds of its people.
The White Terror
The brutal suppression of the protests marked the beginning of the White Terror period, a period characterized by extreme political repression, human rights abuses, and mass arrests. Martial law was declared, and thousands of Taiwanese intellectuals, activists, and suspected dissidents were targeted by the authorities. Many were imprisoned, tortured, executed, or simply disappeared, leaving a scar on the collective memory of the Taiwanese people.
During this period, the government sought to erase any opposition or dissenting voices. The mass arrests and executions instilled fear and silence throughout Taiwanese society. Families were torn apart, and the constant atmosphere of surveillance and suspicion permeated every aspect of daily life.
The Legacy of the 228 Incident
The 228 Incident remains a defining moment in Taiwan’s history, serving as a catalyst for political awakening and the pursuit of democracy. It laid the groundwork for future democratic movements and eventually led to the end of martial law in 1987. The incident also sparked a reevaluation of Taiwanese identity and the demand for recognition of Taiwan as a distinct entity separate from China.
The memory of the 228 Incident and the White Terror still holds deep significance in Taiwanese society. Families and survivors continue to seek justice and closure for the atrocities committed during that time. Efforts have been made to preserve historical records, erect memorials, and educate future generations about the importance of democracy, human rights, and social justice.
Why isn’t this an internationally known historical event?
Despite its profound impact on Taiwan’s society and politics, the 228 Incident has not gained widespread international recognition. Several factors contribute to this lack of global awareness. Firstly, the geopolitical situation during the Cold War era played a role in obscuring the incident’s significance. Taiwan was not recognized as a separate sovereign state by many countries, which limited its international visibility. Additionally, China’s influence and the focus on the Chinese Communist Party’s rise to power overshadowed Taiwan’s struggles for democracy in the global narrative.
Furthermore, Taiwan’s own historical development has been somewhat isolated from the international community due to its unique political status. The ROC government, which fled to Taiwan after losing the Chinese Civil War, represented China in international forums until the 1970s when it was replaced by the People’s Republic of China. This further marginalized Taiwan’s voice on the global stage and limited its ability to bring attention to the 228 Incident.
Learn more about the 228 Incident and the White Terror
Delve deeper into the profound impact of the 228 Incident and the White Terror through these insightful short documentaries that provide valuable perspectives on the historical events:
The Taiwan 228 Incident, or the White Terror, remains a pivotal event in Taiwanese history. It represents the tragic consequences of an oppressive regime and the resilience of a people determined to secure their rights and freedom. While its international recognition may have been limited, the incident’s legacy continues to shape Taiwan’s path towards democracy, human rights, and national identity. Remembering and understanding the 228 Incident is crucial in acknowledging the sacrifices made by the Taiwanese people and the ongoing pursuit of justice, democracy, and freedom. It serves as a reminder that the struggle for human rights and the fight against authoritarianism are universal and should be recognized and supported worldwide.
Bubble Tea Island 