When you think about Taiwan’s geographic proximity, most people would naturally assume that the island’s closest neighbor is China. While this is true in many cases, Taiwan’s strategic position in East Asia means that its proximity to other countries can vary depending on where in Taiwan you are.
Western Taiwan: Closer to China
For much of Taiwan’s western coast and its outlying islands like Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu, China is indeed the closest country. The Taiwan Strait, which separates Taiwan and mainland China, is only about 180 kilometers (112 miles) at its widest point and narrows to as little as 130 kilometers (81 miles). And in Taiwan’s outlying islands of Kinmen and Matsu, they are so close to Fujian Province in China that on a clear day, you can see the mainland from these islands.
Eastern Taiwan: Closer to Japan
On the eastern coast of Taiwan, the story changes. Facing the vast Pacific Ocean, this part of Taiwan is closer to Japan’s Okinawa archipelago. For example, the Japanese island of Yonaguni is only about 110 kilometers (68 miles) from Taiwan’s east coast. This proximity has fostered historical and cultural ties between the two regions, as well as opportunities for tourism and trade.
Southern Taiwan: Closer to the Philippines
If you travel to Taiwan’s southernmost point, such as Kenting National Park in Pingtung County, you’ll find that the Philippines is actually the closest country. The Mavulis Island, part of the northern Philippines, lie just 142 kilometers (88 miles) away across the Bashi Channel. This closeness has facilitated cultural exchanges and made Taiwan an important player in the region’s maritime routes.
Taiwan’s Strategic Location
Taiwan’s unique position at the intersection of East and Southeast Asia makes it a geographic crossroads. Historically, Taiwan served as a focal point for the migration and dispersion of Austronesian tribes and cultures across the Pacific. These indigenous connections laid the foundation for cultural and linguistic ties that extend as far as Polynesia.
Today, Taiwan’s location gives it immense strategic importance. Situated at the entrance of one of the world’s busiest trade routes, Taiwan is surrounded by economic and military powerhouses such as China, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Vietnam. Its proximity to these nations positions Taiwan as a vital player in regional geopolitics, trade, and defense strategies. This role underscores its significance as both a cultural melting pot and a key hub in Asia’s economic and maritime networks.
So, which country is Taiwan closer to? The answer truly depends on your location within Taiwan. From the west, China dominates the horizon. To the east, Japan feels just a stone’s throw away. And to the south, the Philippines beckons.
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